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1.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 87(6): 500-503, Dec. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-844572

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El déficit congénito de surfactante es una entidad de diagnóstico inhabitual en recién nacidos. Se reporta un caso clínico de déficit de proteína B del surfactante, se revisa el estudio, tratamiento y diagnóstico diferencial de los déficit de proteínas del surfactante y enfermedad crónica intersticial de la infancia. Caso clínico: Recién nacido de término que cursa dificultad respiratoria, con velamiento pulmonar recurrente y respuesta transitoria a administración de surfactante. El estudio inmunohistoquímico y genético confirmaron diagnóstico de déficit de proteína B de surfactante. Conclusiones: La enfermedad pulmonar congénita requiere un alto índice de sospecha. El déficit de proteína B de surfactante genera un cuadro clínico progresivo y mortal en la mayoría de los casos, al igual que el déficit de transportador ATP binding cassette, sub-family A member 3 (ABCA3). El déficit de proteína C es insidioso y puede presentarse con un patrón radiológico pulmonar intersticial. Debido a la similitud en el patrón histológico, el estudio genético permite una mayor certeza en el pronóstico y la posibilidad de entregar un adecuado consejo genético.


Introduction: Congenital surfactant deficiency is a condition infrequently diagnosed in newborns. A clinical case is presented of surfactant protein B deficiency. A review is performed on the study, treatment and differential diagnosis of surfactant protein deficiencies and infant chronic interstitial lung disease. Case report: The case is presented of a term newborn that developed respiratory distress, recurrent pulmonary opacification, and a transient response to the administration of surfactant. Immunohistochemical and genetic studies confirmed the diagnosis of surfactant protein B deficiency. Conclusions: Pulmonary congenital anomalies require a high index of suspicion. Surfactant protein B deficiency is clinically progressive and fatal in the majority of the cases, similar to that of ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 3 (ABCA3) deficiency. Protein C deficiency is insidious and may present with a radiological pulmonary interstitial pattern. Due to the similarity in the histological pattern, genetic studies help to achieve greater certainty in the prognosis and the possibility of providing adequate genetic counselling.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant, Newborn , Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis/congenital , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/etiology , Pulmonary Surfactants/administration & dosage , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein B/deficiency , Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis/complications , Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis/diagnosis , Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis/drug therapy , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/genetics , Diagnosis, Differential
2.
Clinics ; 62(2): 181-190, Apr. 2007. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-449659

ABSTRACT

Pulmonary surfactant is a substance composed of a lipoprotein complex that is essential to pulmonary function. Pulmonary surfactant proteins play an important role in the structure, function, and metabolism of surfactant; 4 specific surfactant proteins have been identified: surfactant proteins-A, surfactant proteins-B, surfactant proteins-C, and surfactant proteins-D. Clinical, epidemiological, and biochemical evidence suggests that the etiology of respiratory distress syndrome is multifactorial with a significant genetic component. There are reports about polymorphisms and mutations on the surfactant protein genes, especially surfactant proteins-B, that may be associated with respiratory distress syndrome, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and congenital alveolar proteinosis. Individual differences regarding respiratory distress syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome as well as patient response to therapy might reflect phenotypic diversity due to genetic variation, in part. The study of the differences between the allelic variants of the surfactant protein genes can contribute to the understanding of individual susceptibility to the development of several pulmonary diseases. The identification of the polymorphisms and mutations that are indeed important for the pathogenesis of the diseases related to surfactant protein dysfunction, leading to the possibility of genotyping individuals at increased risk, constitutes a new research field. In the future, findings in these endeavors may enable more effective genetic counseling as well as the development of prophylactic and therapeutic strategies that would provide a real impact on the management of newborns with respiratory distress syndrome and other pulmonary diseases.


O surfactante pulmonar é uma substância composta por um complexo lipoprotéico essencial para a função pulmonar normal. As proteínas do surfactante têm importante papel na estrutura, função e metabolismo do surfactante. São descritas quatro proteínas específicas denominadas surfactante pulmonar-A, surfactante pulmonar-B, surfactante pulmonar-C e surfactante pulmonar-D. Evidências clínicas, epidemiológicas e bioquímicas sugerem que a etiologia da síndrome do desconforto respiratório é multifatorial com um componente genético significativo. Existem na literatura algumas descrições sobre a presença de polimorfismos e mutações em genes dos componentes do surfactante, particularmente no gene da surfactante pulmonar-B, os quais parecem estar associados à síndrome do desconforto respiratório, síndrome da angustia respiratória aguda e proteinose alveolar congênita. Diferenças individuais relacionadas à síndrome do desconforto respiratórioe síndrome da angustia respiratória aguda e à resposta dos pacientes ao tratamento podem refletir diversidade fenotípica, devido, parcialmente, à variação genética. O estudo das diferenças entre as variantes alélicas dos genes das proteínas do surfactante pode ajudar na compreensão das variabilidades individuais na susceptibilidade ao desenvolvimento de várias doenças pulmonares. A determinação de quais polimorfismos e mutações são, de fato, importantes na patogênese das doenças relacionadas à disfunção das proteínas do surfactante e a possibilidade da realização da genotipagem em indivíduos de alto risco constitui um novo campo de pesquisa, que pode permitir, futuramente, um aconselhamento genético mais efetivo, resultando no desenvolvimento de estratégias profiláticas e terapêuticas que representem um impacto real no manejo dos recém-nascidos portadores da síndrome do desconforto respiratório e outras patologias pulmonares.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Mutation , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins/genetics , Pulmonary Surfactants/metabolism , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genetic Variation , Polymorphism, Genetic , Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis/genetics , Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis/metabolism , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A/deficiency , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein B/deficiency , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein C/deficiency , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D/deficiency , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins/metabolism , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/metabolism
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